Jews in Lithuania

Jews have always been an important part of the Lithuanian population. The history of Lithuanian Jews has been continuing for over six hundred years. Historical sources show that the first Jews appeared in Lithuania in 1326, when the great duke Gediminas started inviting European merchants and artisans to his capital Vilnius. At the end of the XIV century, Jewish communities already existed in the cities of the Great Kingdom of Lithuania (Trakai, Brestas, and Gardinas). In 1388 the Great Lithuanian duke Vytautas first privileged Jews. They had to regulate judicial, economic, and social relations between the ruler and Jews, between the Jews and Christians, as well as among the Jews themselves. The matter of this privilege has been the basis of the Jewish status in Lithuania. Later other Lithuanian dukes also privileged Jews; some of these privileges were included into the statute of Lithuania.
A lot of accusations, such as that Jews killed Jesus, followed them from the Western Europe. It enforced some rulers to act against them. In 1495 the Great Lithuanian duke Aleksandras banished the Jews from the land and let them come back in 1503, after realizing that the country’s economy is not growing. Lithuanian Jews had their own courts, schools, chapels, saunas, graveyards, and butcheries. They managed their internal affairs. In 1623 Jews founded Lithuanian Jews council, where they tried to stop any anti-Semitic law. Over the course of time the number of Jews grew in Lithuanian territory and reached the highest population in Europe.
integrate into the society. The similar process was happening at that time in countries of the Western Europe. That reason, religious differences, and the superstitions about Jews made them feel aliens in Lithuania. In 1975, after Russia conquered Lithuania, the county with all the Jews devolved to the Russian empire. Then Jews lost...

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