What happened in Lithuania from 1940-2000 years

• Struggle of independence (1990-1991);
The Ribbentrop-Molotov pact
In addition to stipulation of non-aggresion, they treaty included a secret protocol divinding the independent countries of:
• In addition to stipulation of non-aggresion, they treaty included a secret protocol divinding the independent countries of:
◦ Finland;
◦ Estonia;
◦ Latvia;
◦ Lithuania;
◦ Poland;
◦ Ukraine;
◦ Romania.
Red Army
First Soviet period (1940-1941)
• On June 14, 1940 the Lithuanians received an ultimatum from the Soviets.
• President Antanas Smetona opposed it.
• Finally, ultimatum was accepted.
• Government loyal to the Soviets was formed (of Vladimir Dekanozov).
• On July 21 the “People parliament” declared Lithuanian’s will join the Soviet Union.
• On August 3 Lithuania was declared a Soviet Republic.
Independent Lithuania (1941)
• On June 22, 1941 Hitler invaded the Soviet Union.
• Nazi Germany did not want an independent Lithuania.
• Government tried to do everything (via radio, to negotiate with Germany; of it’s powers).
• On August 7th, 1941 the government dissolved itself.
Nazi Germany occupation (1941-1944)
• Germany added a small part of Lithuania to be ruled directly by Germany;
• Vilnius region was attached;
• Lands which previously weren’t given to Lithuania by the Soviets.
• Lithuania lost its independence;
• Economic conditions were harsh (cities, towns, villages);
• Language was kept in the educational system and cultural life was not affected;
• Lithuanian newspapers and journals circulated.
The extermination of Jews
• In 1941 the Germans organized groups (of Lithuanian nationalists, extremists and criminals) to exterminate smaller Jewish communities.
• In the second half of 1941, the Germans organized massive and centralized extermination.
• By the middle of 1942 Lithuanian Jews were killed (80%).
• 1943-1944 the last ghettos were destroyed (Kaunas, Vilnius, Siauliai).
Almost all Jewish communities, a total of about 200,000 people were exterminated.
• Almost all Jewish communities, a total of about 200,000 people were exterminated.
Resistance
• The resistance movement was not united;
• Partisans – moved through the woods and countryside attacking German positions and supply lines;
• The...

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