Cytoplasm (Cytosol)
This is where all the chemical reactions essential to the bacterium’s survival take place, such as protein synthesis. The ribonucleic acids or ribosomes which are responsible for protein synthesis are present here, also sugars for respiration such as glucose.13
Plasma membrane
This consists of a phospholipids bilayer situated beneath the cell wall. It acts as a barrier between the cell and the environment surrounding it. It also contains enzymes and proteins involved in the transport of larger substances need by the cell such as glucose molecules needed for respiration.13
Cell wall
This is made up of two layers. The inner layer is made of peptidoglycan and the outer layer is made of lipopolysaccharide and protein. The cell wall acts as extra protection for the bacterium.13
Flagellae
These are responsible for the movement of the bacterium. They help the bacterium move by swirling around and propelling the bacterium forward. They are made of a protein called flagellin and are attached to the cell membrane of the bacterium.13
Pili
These are responsible for bacterial conjugation and they also help bacteria adhere to surfaces. They are much shorter than flagellae and are not involved in helping the bacteria move around.13
E.coli can survive using aerobic and anaerobic respiration (or fermentation), bacteria living inside the intestines of warm blooded animals use anaerobic respiration this is how they can survive in there without oxygen. However when living anaerobically the bacteria produce mixed acids and gas as end products of the anaerobic respiration. The way the bacteria respire anaerobically is by making efficient use of the molecule NO3 as the final electron acceptor for respiratory electron transport processes.20
What is good about E.coli?
E.coli bacteria are a type of pro-biotic. Pro (in favour of)- biotic (life). All people with healthy intestinal tracts have billions of them. Sometimes in compromised health the balance can shift to harmful...
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