Leadership and Motivation

Definition of Motivation says that “In psychology, motivation is the driving force behind all actions of human beings, animals, and lower organisms. It is an internal state that activates behavior and gives it direction. Emotion is closely related to motivation, and may be regarded as the subjectively experienced component of motivational states.” So we can assume that is the member of management who needs to be a motivator. And no matter it is a senior or first line manager. The most important, that manager has to be a leader. Therefore good leadership demands good people-motivation skills and use of inspirational techniques. Harvey (1997:175) however says “supervisors therefore do not motivate people, but rather, ideally, create conditions which are conductive to higher performance.” But supervisors concern about motivating staff and creating productive and well-being environment for them is not only supervisors concern but also staff. All these conditions depend on how high motivated is your staff as well as management team and supervisor’s personal temper.
From the academic side of motivation there are three types of Motivation Theories: Content Theory; Process Theory and Reinforcement Theory.
Content Theory assumes that people have common needs that motivate them and attempt to identify and use these to motivate others. They include, Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs; McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y; Herzberg's Two-factor theory: Hygiene factors and motivators and McClelland's Learned Needs Theory.
Process Theory which assumes that behaviour is a function of the processes of beliefs and values. This theory emphasizes how and by what goals individuals are motivated. These include Vroom's Expectancy Theory; Adams Equity theory and Locke and Latham’s Goal setting theory.
Positive and Negative Reinforcement strengthen behavior while both Punishment and Extinction weaken behavior.
However, regarding limit and conditions of essay as well as concernment, author will discuss only a few Content theories.
One of the...

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