Intercultural competence: approaches and research

Mostly intercultural competence is described as the ability of successful communication with people of other cultures. A person who is interculturally competent captures and understands, in interaction with people from foreign cultures, their specific concepts in perception, thinking, feeling and acting. Academic and professional attention is still drawn to the observation that some individuals are obviously more adept in intercultural situations than others. Unlike in the earliest days of intercultural competence research, which primarily found its application in student exchange or international technical aid programmes, a more diversified field of research contexts has emerged in recent years. Increased intercultural interactions have offered many new social, political and economic ‘trouble spots’. Migration issues, multicultural social environments, workforces that operate internationally and certainly mergers between foreign companies have all gained insights from intercultural research. A variety of academic disciplines have so far laid claim to the concept and produced a number of models to describe intercultural competence and its development. To prevent intercultural competence from becoming a concept understood simply as a ‘key to success’, the definition of the term needs to be refined and narrowed, divorcing ‘intercultural competence’ from ‘successful interaction’.
The problem of the article: nowadays a lot of people forget how important is to develop intercultural competence.
The goal of the article: to identify the importance of intercultural competence by analysing different approaches and research.
• Analysing the research based on the definitions in the German debate.
One of the earliest comprehensive frameworks was Ruben’s behavioral approach to the conceptualization and measurement of intercultural communicative competence (Ruben, 1976). In contrast to the personality and attitudinal foci of previous approaches, Ruben advocated a behavioral approach to linking the gap between knowing and doing, that is, between what individuals know to be interculturally competent and what those individuals actually do in intercultural situations. It is...

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