Carbohydrates and lipids

-To described the differences between monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides.
-explained saturated and unsaturated fats.
-To be able to analysed the health implications of different types of fats.
Protein
17%
Lipids
15%
Minerals
5%
Carbohydrates
1%
Write down what you know about carbohydrate.
Carbohydrate molecules are made up of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms
The suffix ‘ose’ indicates sugar.
The term ‘saccharide’ also indicates sugar.
Key Terms
Macromolecules –
A large complex molecule, made up of many polymers.
Monomer –
a single molecule.
Dimer –
two molecules chemically bonded together.
Polymer –
a chain of molecules chemically bonded together.
Carbohydrate family
Monosaccharide's
Large carbohydrates are composed of numerous, relatively simple building blocks called monosaccharide's. [mono = 1]
Monosaccharides commonly contain:
3 Carbons [trioses]
4 Carbons [tetroses]
5 Carbons [pentoses] (Ribose, deoxyribose)
6 Carbons [hexoses] (Glucose, fructose, galactose)
5&6 = Most common in humans
Linear molecular structures
Glucose
Galactose
Fructose
Cyclic structures
Disaccharides
Are composed of two simple sugars bound together through a dehydration reaction.
Glucose + fructose = sucrose [table sugar]
Other examples are lactose (glucose + galactose), maltose (glucose + glucose)
Dehydration Reaction
Glucose + Glucose
Water
H2O
Polysaccharides
These are many monosaccharide's bound together to form long chains
Glycogen [many glucose molecules = quick energy source so this is stored in liver and muscles]
Starch & cellulose [many glucose molecules which can also be broken down into energy]
Polysaccharide Structures
Activity: 7 mins
-What is a carbohydrate?
-Write out the differences between monosaccharide, disaccharide and Polysaccharide.
Significance of carbohydrates in living organisms
In groups, research the significance of carbohydrates.
Why are they biologically important?
What is the role of carbohydrates in the cell?
Evaluate the role of carbohydrates in the cell.
What issues can arise from carbohydrate excess or absence in the diet?
Be ready to share your ideas with the whole group.
Lipids
Lipids may be broadly defined as small, hydrophobic molecules
-are composed principally of carbon, hydrogen.
Lipids contain a lower ratio of oxygen to carbon which makes them less polar [charged]
Consequently lipids can be dissolved in nonpolar solutions such as alcohol, but not in water
FATS
PHOSPHOLIPIDS
STEROIDS
PROSTAGLANDINS
Fats
Are a major type of lipid.
Fats are ingested and broken down for energy but twice the...

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