United States

In the United States, each designated ethnic classification includes people with origins in many different countries. Roughly four-fifths of Americans are classified as white, a general categorization that includes people of European, Southwest Asian, and Hispanic origins. Other groups include African Americans, who comprise more than one-tenth of the population, and smaller minorities of Asians and Native Americans. Hispanic Americans, who sometimes prefer to be called Latinos, or by their country of origin (such as Mexican American or Colombian American), account for one-tenth of the population. Hispanics and Asians constitute the two fastest growing minority groups; the number of Hispanics in the United States almost doubled between 1980 and 1995. The official figures give no indication of the large number of illegal immigrants, many of whom are believed to enter the country from Mexico.
There is considerable variation in the ethnic mix and level of diversity across the country. For example, while only half of California’s population is non-Hispanic white, almost all of New Hampshire’s is. The states with the highest proportion of Hispanic Americans are mostly in the west and southwest, while those with the highest proportion of African Americans are mostly in the southeast. More than half of the people in Hawaii are of Asian or Polynesian origin. Rural and suburban areas are more likely to be inhabited by whites, while urban areas tend to be more ethnically diverse.
There are 552 federally recognized Native American groups in the United States, of which about 285 have reservations (or regional or village corporations in Alaska) that are recognized by the state or federal government. These lands total more than 20 million hectares (more than 50 million acres). The U.S. government has recognized the political sovereignty of many of these organizations through treaties, statutes, court decisions, and executive orders.
The average population density...

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