Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, and carbon content is 2.14% (practically 1.5%).Steel is anmed carbon steel when in its content exist Fe-C and permanent impurities. These impurities are Si, S, P. In other case when a certain elements usually metals Ni, Co, W,V are introduced into steel, such steel is named alloyed steels.
2. Quality steels S=0.04%, P=0.03%
High quality steels S up to 0.025%, P up to 0.025%
• According to degree of oxidation
1.Rimming steels (deoxidated by Mn))
2.Semi killed steels (deoxidated by Mn,Al)
3.Killed steels (deoxidated by Mn, Al, Si)
• According to the employement
1.Structural steels
2.Tool steels
3.Casting steels
4.Free cutting steels
CARBON STEELS→(Structural→(Common quality, quality), Tool→(quality, high quality), Special purpose→(free cutting, casting))
Common quality structural steels are produced by common technology. They are cheap since there is quite little remove of harmful impurities. These steels are supplied in normalized state in shape of rolled workpieces: sheets, rods, and so on and so force. This steel according GOST is designated by letters and digit number, i.e. CT0, CT1, CT2.CT3-structural steel of common quality.
Sometimes there can be some indexes CT0kΠ, CT1ΠC, CT1CΠ
kΠ-reamming steel
ΠC-semi killed steel
CΠ-killed steel
DIN standard
St22
Fe 490-2
EN-European standard S185
Structural quality steel has less harmful impurities and is more expensive (25%) comparing with common quality carbon steel. According GOST 08, 10, 15, 20,….,60, 65
For example, 45-structural quality carbon steel with carbon content 0.45% C
DIN,EN-C30,C35,C40
Ck22-0.22%C
Tool Steel has more than 0.7%C.GOST-У7, У8,…, У12, У13.
У12- carbon tool steel with 1.2% of carbon, У9-0.9%C
There can be У7A, У8A,… У12A, У13A. Ex: У12A-carbon tool steel C=1.2%, A-improved
DIN- C75W(W-group of quality)-0.75%C
Free cutting steel is easier machined because of composing a breaking chip. The cutting tool wears less. There is more S and P in content of this steel. According GOST- A11, A20, A30, A40Г
A11-free cutting steel C=0.11%
DIN,EN: 9S20 S-0.2%, C-0.09%
10S22 S-0.22%, C-0.1%
Casting carbon steel is designated according GOST: 15Л, 20Л, 25Л, …,55Л.
20Л-casting...

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