The Relationship between Benevolence and Universalism Values among Psychology Students

Although the idea of values and their structure might be universal, people and groups may differ in the relative significance they allot to the values. This paper investigates the relationship between the basic human values Benevolence and Universalism among the group of Psychology first-year students. Based on the circular model of values and previous studies (Schwartz, 1994, 2010, 2012, 2013) the hypothesis of this study states that the values of Benevolence and Universalism will correlate positively. There was a total of two hundred and twenty participants (190 women, 30 men) aged between 18 and 40 years old. Their mean age was 20.1 years (SD = 3.6). Data collecting happened in a classroom during the seminar session using the Portrait Values Questionnaire. The hypothesis of this study was supported (r = >.001, p = .32**, one-tailed). In the result of this research, it could be said that individual who is concerned about the welfare of the ingroup (Benevolence) will be more likely to concern the welfare of the all human-beings and nature (Universalism).
From a personality angle, values are considered as inherent qualities of mind and character. Nevertheless, on closer inspection, values can differentiate from other mental constructs like traits, attitudes, or motives by a combination of distinguishing features. In many ways, values offer an understanding of the human belief and behavior that other constructs, notable attitudes, cannot provide. In opposition to other dispositional constructs, values are typically characterized by these six main features (1) Values are beliefs tied inextricably to emotion; (2) Values are a motivational construct; (3) Values transcend specific actions and situations; (4) Values serve as standards or criteria; (5) Values are ordered by importance relative to one another; (6) The relative importance of multiple values guides action (Schwartz, 1992, 2006; Allport, 1961; Feather, 1995; Kluckhohn, 1951; Morris, 1956;...

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