Protein structure

• To be able to describe the four protein structures.
• To be able to describe an example of a quartenary protein structure.
• To be able to describe the role of proteins in the body.
• To be able to describe an enzyme in relation to its structure, and function on the body.
• A protein is a three dimensional coiled up chain of amino acid arranged in a precise shape. They consist of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
• Hugely varied and versatile macromolecules.
• They are involved in every biological process.
• Structural proteins;
• Cell shape, connective tissues such as bone and cartilage (eg collagen)
• Contractile proteins;
• Actin and myosin in muscles.
• Transport proteins;
• Eg; haemoglobin
Hormonal proteins;
• Hormonal proteins;
• Eg insulin
• Antibodies;
• In the immune system to ‘mark’ pathogens.
• Enzymes;
• Biological catalysts essential for reducing activation energy in reactions.
Task: 10mins
Task: 10mins
What is a protein?
What is the significance of proteins in the body?
Structure
Structure
• The monomer for proteins is ‘amino acids’.
• There are 20 common amino acids.
• They have the same basic structure, but each one has a different side chain – or R group.
A single amino acid
A dipeptide
What is a peptide bond?
These are called essential or indispensable amino acids. Essential amino acids are: Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine.
These are called essential or indispensable amino acids. Essential amino acids are: Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan and Valine.
Non-essential amino acids includes: Alanine, Arginine, Asparagine, Aspartic acid, Cysteine, Glutamic acid, Glutamine, Glycine, Proline, Serine, and Tyrosine.
Stages of protein structure
Polypeptide chain (chains of amino acid)
Primary
• Simple coiled structure e.g keratin, myosin, collagen.
• Secondary
• A single complete protein chain (globular structure) e.g insulin, growth hormone, oxytocin.
• Tertiary
• Group of chains together ( four globular proteins intertwined) e.g. haemoglobin.
• Quartenary
Formation of a protein – primary
Secondary protein structure Beta pleated sheet
Proteins found in hair (Keratin),...

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