Introduction to English novel

Literary historians have commonly thought it necessary to provide the novel with a respectable antiquity. In their own way they have been very successful; at any rate they have succeeded admirably in confusing categories. The historians have been guilty of a confusion: they have thought that the words fiction and novel are synonymous and interchangeable but these words neither synonymous nor interchangeable. At the heart of the confusion is the fact that the story is common to both. So long as men have told stories there has been fiction and only to this extent it is true to say that any work of fiction written before 1670 in England is in some sense an ancestor of the novel.
The novel itself is something new. It is not easy to define but this does not prevent us from knowing a great deal about novels. Even if readers cannot define the novel, they know what to expect when they read a novel: they find here a close imitation of man and manners; they see the very web and structure of society as it really exist. If poetry has ‘something more divine’ in it, this savours more of humanity. With every major novel as it appears our interpretation of the novel as a literary form must to some extent change. Novel’s greatness and its practical usefulness lay in its permanent work of involving the reader himself in the moral life, inviting him to put his own motives under examination, suggesting that reality is not as his conventional education has led him to see it. This genre teaches us the extent of human variety and the value of this variety. What is more, a novel is a totality, made up of all the words in it, and it must be judged as a totality. Since...

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