Gains from international trade. Foreign trade balance

Since ancient times, people have strived to expand their trading as far as technology allowed. The maritime nations of southern Europe, the Middle East and North Africa had flourishing trades in the Mediterranean 5000 years ago. Roman coins have been found in the ruins of ancient Indian cities. Marco Polo opened up the silk route between Europe and China in the thirteenth century. Merchants of Venice imported goods from the entire known world in the fifteenth century. Adventurers such as Christopher Columbus paved the way for the beginnings of trade between Europe and the Americas. Today, container ships laden, with cars and machines and Boeing 747s stuffed with fresh fruit, fresh New Zealand lamb, and French cheeses ply the sea and air routes, carrying billions of dollars worth of goods and services. International trade obviously brings enormous benefits. It enables us to consume fresh tropical fruit that doesn't grow here; to use raw materials such as chromium that are not found here; to buy a wide range of manufactured goods such as cars, VCRs, TVs, and textiles that are available at lower prices from other countries(In the U.S. situation).
To better understand the term of international trade i decided to give statments of two authours.
Countries can gain from trade if their opportunity costs differ. Through trade, each country can obtain goods at a lower opportunity cost than it could if it produced all goods at home. Trading allows con­sumption to exceed production. By specializing in producing the good in which it has a comparative advantage and then trading some of that good for imports, a country can consume at points outside its production possibility frontier. Each country can con­sume at such a point.
In the absence of international borrowing and lending, trade is balanced as prices adjust to reflect the international supply...

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