A short summary of Aristotles "Politics"
Next, Aristotle justifies his defense of property- namely, slavery. He maintains that slaves are simply possessions of other men, destined by nature to serve. He asserts that the union between slave and master is indeed natural, for both parties receive mutual benefits. The master receives service and labor while the slave in turn receives protection and a means to express his natural sense of duty to the master. Aristotle concludes, "...there are species in which a distinction is already marked, immediately at birth, between those of its members who are intended for being ruled and those who are intended to rule..." Here slavery, like any other natural union, is a means to the end of goodness. The interests of the master, not the slave, are that goodness.
Later, Aristotle rejects Plato's socialism. Aristotle is a strong proponent of private, not communal property. Through his many practical, Aristotle realizes that the idealistic concept of shared possessions is simply an ideal, certainly not attainable by humans, since it contradicts the laws of nature. Also, he addresses the different forms of government. First he defines a citizen as "a man who shares in the administration of justice and in the holding of office." He goes on to describe definitions of citizenship based on varying governments. Soon, he begins to classify the types of constitutions. To Aristotle, the constitution is simply "the organization of a polis." It specifies which group of individuals has sovereignty. Yet every just constitution, he says, has the good of the community as its aim. He continues his description by dividing government into monarchy-- rule by one, aristocracy- rule by a few, and polity- rule by many. Here, Aristotle criticizes democracy, saying, "It is possible for one man, or a few, to be of outstanding excellence, but when it comes to...
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