What is law?

4.Considerations which governments are guided too:
• Rising crime rates
• Lobbying of pressure groups
5. The law of one country is different from the law of other country
2. Sources of modern law
1. Every country in the world has a different legal system:
2. Main traditions of law in the world:
• Common law (U.S.A)
• Continental or Roman law ( Europe, Latin America, Asia and Africa)
3. Two main features of modern Common law system:
• The doctrine of precedent
• Equity
4. The main problem resulting from the existence of two systems of justice:
• A person often had to begin actions in different courts in order to get a satisfactory solution.
5. Main feature of the Continental system:
• the principle of separation of the legislature and judiciary.
6. Socialist legal systems
3. Civil and public law
1. The differences between private or civil law and public law:
• Civil law concerns disputes among citizens within a country.
• Public law concerns disputes between citizens and the state, or between one state and another.
2. The main categories of English civil law :
• Contracts .
• Torts
• Trusts
• Probate.
• Family law
3. The main categories of public law :
• Crimes
• Constitutional Law
• International Law
4. Differences between civil and criminal procedures
5. Point of contact between criminal and civil law:
• If the loser of a civil case refuses to comply with the order made against him the procedures for forcing him to comply may result in a criminal prosecution.
4. Judicial institutions
1. Two main reasons of having a variety of courts:
• A particular court can specialize in particular kinds of legal actions.
• A person who feels his case was not fairly treated in a lower court can appeal to a higher court for reassessment.
2. Courts of England:
• The Crown Courts – deal with criminal matters(there are jury)
• The County Courts – deal with civil matters.
• The Queen’s Bench Division of the...

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