The impact of the New Economic Policy for Russian Economy in 1920s

The economic and political situation in Russia at the beginning of 1920s was at low ebb. Ravaged by four years of the First World War, Russia immediately faced destructive Civil War bringing her almost as many losses as the first one. The solution to post-war social and economic problems introduced by Bolsheviks, “War Communism”, did not seem to improve the political and economic state of the country, rather the reverse, it devastated the households of the countryside even more and increased the discontent of the peasants. Most painful consequence of the dissatisfaction of the peasantry was the decline in the production of grain, essentially needed to “feed” the cities and the entire nation. Compelled to surrender the part of harvest that government officials decided they did not require for personal consumption and forbidden to sell on the open market, the peasants kept reducing the amount of land for sowing. They realized how pointlessness of raising the productivity of the fields, as the crops was taken away in any case.
Reductions of the land for sowing, together with declining yields led to steady cut in the production of grain: in 1920 the cereal harvest in central Russia comprised only two-thirds of the crop in 1913.1 The grain crisis in the country echoed in the cities, where bread rations were reduced to one or two ounces a day for a person. The vicious circle of the discontent of the “masses” both in rural and urban areas could not be broken. It evolved into never-ending uprisings in the south and east of Russia; the most serious led by Antonov in Tambov.2 Only one periodic drought was needed that routinely intensified Russia’s problems and brought about massive famine in early 1921. Catastrophic fall in foodstuff production in over thirty provinces led to malnutrition of some...

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