The History of Computers

Developments Leading up to the Stored-Program Computer of Today...
Early humans counted on their fingers – evalution of base 10 numbering system.
• Roads represent places – units, tens, hundreds, and higher multiples of ten.
• Invented the Pascaline in 1642
• First mechanical adding machine.
Gottfried Leibniz
• Invented Step Reckoper in 1671;
• Could add, subtract, multiply, divide and evaluate square roots.
Joseph Jacquard
• Jacquard‘s Loom in 1810
• Emphasized three computer concepts:
-INSTRUCTIONS used punched cards;
-SIMPLE PROGRAM series of instructions;
-AUTOMATE JOB because of programs.
Charles Babbage
• FATHER of Computers
• Invented Analytical Engine in 1832
• 5 characteristics of modern computer
Input device
Processor-mill
Control unit
Storage facility- store
Output device
Ada Augusta
• First Computer Programmer – wrote programs for the Analytical Engine;
• Her notes on The Analytical Engine was used in the future developments of computer.
Herman Hollerith
• Invented Tabulating Machine for 1890 Census;
• First machine capable of processing statisical information from punched cards.
Alan Turing
• Worked on Colossus computer in 1943 used in Worl War II for cracking German codes (ENIGMA)
John Mauchly and Presper Eckert
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator & Calculator 1946)
• First electronic computer to go into operation
Grace Hopper
• A moth got caught in the Mark II and shorted out a relay;
• Grace crawled in and removed it from inside the computer;
• Popularized the term “bug” to signify any system failure;
• The term “debugging”...

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