The History of the Vilnius University: XVI - XIX centuries

The University of Vilnius in Lithuania has a long history dating back to the sixteenth century, acknowledged throughout Europe. Over the years many developments and changes were made to its organization and formation. Major influences were made by the governments and situations of the time.
The university was established in 1570 as a college directed by Jesuits, but within nine years it was reorganized into a higher school, under the name Academy and University of Vilnius overlooked by the rector Petras Saga. The University was composed of three sectors: the College, the Faculty of Philosophy and the Faculty for Theology. The latter were divided into three stages of studies: college was compulsory for five years while philosophy or theology where optional and reached three and four years. The mentioned studies where instructed in Latin. By 1618, 1100 students attended the College, 110 students were in both of the faculties and were taught by a total of fifteen professors.
In 1614 the University was further developed and another faculty, the Faculty of Law, was added. The university included some of the most outstanding professors of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries known throughout Europe: Sirvydas (theology), Sarbevicius (philosophy, theology and poetics), Smiglecki (philosophy), Kojalowic- Wijuk (history), Olizarowski (law), Kruger, Rudamina (mathematics), and Liauksminas (rhetoric), who was the author of the first textbook on theory of music in Europe.
As much as the University was flourishing, it was forced to experience a decline during the eighteenth century due to the unfavorable political and economical situations. The latter were affected by the wars that brought the occupation of Lithuania by Russia and Sweden. The results of that were fires, plagues, and famines that deteriorated the economical situation greatly. However, as awful as the situation in the country was, in 1758 research was still carried out in the...

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