Leksikologijos egzamino konspektas

1. Lexicology: the object and objectives. Relations to other branches of linguistics.
• The term lexicology was coined on the basis of two Greek words: lexis – word, logos – study.
• Thus its field of study is the word-stock (or vocabulary) of a language. The study of meaning of words.
• The central notion in this area of study is the WORD and its two facets – form and meaning.
• As a study of the vocabulary, lexicology focuses on the word.
3. Lexical semantics –meaning and vocabulary
The main objects are:
• distinctive features of lexical meaning;
• semantic structure of word;
The main objectives are:
• the meaning of the word;
• morphological structure of the word;
2. The vocabulary. Systematic character of the vocabulary. Paradigmatic and syntagmatic levels.
• Lexicology is mainly concerned with the study of words and vocabulary. In vocabulary-related linguistic studies, vocabulary is often described as systematic.
• Syntagmatic relations join several language elements into a line. They are usually spoken or written meaningful linguistic elements, such as words, phrases and sentences. For example, the sounds and graphemes /p/, /e/ and /t/ are joined into the English words pet; the sound and graphemes /b/, /e/ and /t/ are joined into the word bet. Syntagmatic relations can be established at any level of analysis. They help produce meaningful wholes in any language.
• Paradigmatic relations help establish a pattern between the linguistic units. One of the best known tests to identify this type of relationship is the substitutional test. Thus in the words pit, bit, kit the first consonants are related paradigmatically: p, b and k, as they all can substitute one another before the word pet.
3. The word: function, form and meaning. Phonetic, morphological word and lexeme.
• The word could be defined as a unity of at least three core elements: an uninterruptible written and spoken form, meaning...

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