Geothermal potential of hot granites of Lithuania

GEOTHERMAL POTENTIAL OF HOT GRANITES OF LITHUANIA

INTRODUCTION The utilization of high-enthalpy geothermal aquifers is well recognized and proved in practice. Still, the combination of favourable conditions, e.g. high content of water vs. high temperatures, is not common that urges to look for alternative geothermal resources. The technology to extract useful amounts of energy from hot dry rock – nehanved geothermal system (HDR/EGS) resource has been under development for more than twenty years. Many field experiments showed that it is possible to extract HDR/EGS energy using techniques originally conceived and tested in the different sites, e.g. Soultz, Urach, Los Alamos, Rosemanowes, Fenton Hill. The process entails drilling a well to reach high enough temperatures ≥150oC, injecting water at high pressure to open artificial and natural fractures in the rock, and returning the water, heated by the rock, to the surface through one or more additional wellbores. After extraction of its thermal energy, the water is recirculated through the hot rock to mine more heat. In this closed- loop process, nothing is released to the environment except heat, and no long-term wastes accumulate. This kind of geothermal energy using HDR/EGS systems is included in the geothermal strategies of other countries. Moreover, they can be used in combination to congenital energy power plants. The Middle Proterozoic cratonic granitoid intrusions hosted by Lower Proterozoic high- grade metamorphic and igneous rocks are considered to have the highest geothermal potential in Lithuania, essentially in the southwest. They show the increased heat flow that correlates with the high heat production of those cratonic granitoids. These rocks are still difficult to explore due to great depth of the basement overlain by up to of 2 km thick sedimentary cover. Still, abundant deep industrial wells and potential field data in combination to available geothermal information enables preliminary assessment of those intrusions. The most prospective body is the largest Zemaiciu Naumiestis intrusion (ZNI) identified in southwest Lithuania at the depth of about 2 km.

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