Differences between civil and criminal law

Law may be classified in two categories: civil and criminal law. There are certain basic differences between these two parts of law.
*Firstly, criminal law characterizes offences against the State, and punishable by the State. And civil law is concerned with the rights and duties of individuals towards each other. The main categories of civil law are: contracts, torts, trusts, probate, family law. The main categories of criminal law are: crimes, constitutional law, international law.
*Moreover, the standards of proof differ in these two kinds of law. They are higher in criminal action, since the loser risks not only financial penalties, but also being sent to prison. In English law the prosecution must prove the guilt of a criminal “beyond reasonable doubt”. It means, that a crime cannot be proven if a person or persons judging it doubt the guilt of a suspect and have a reason for this doubt. But the plaintiff in a civil action is required to prove his case “on the balance of probabilities”. The court weighs all the evidence and decide from a feeling or intuition what is most probable.
*Furthermore, criminal and civil procedure are different. In civil law the legal action is started by the private citizen to establish rights against another citizen or group of citizens, whereas criminal law is enforced on behalf of or in the name of the...

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