Smart materials in engineering

Smart materials are designed materials that have one or more properties that can be significantly changed in a controlled fashion by external stimuli (stress, temperature, ligot, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic fields, pressure, etc.). This change is reversible and can be repeated many times.
• First research on smart materials was done by ARNE OLANDER in 1938, but they came into real light in 1960’s. After this period these material came into wide use due to their dynamic properties exhibited by them.
• There are a wide range of different smart materials. Each offer different properties that can be changed. The combination of physics, chemistry, and the focus on the relationship between the properties of a material and its microstructure is the domain of Smart materials. The development of this field allowed designing materials and provided a knowledge base for the different engineering applications.
Type examples
There are a number of types of smart material, of which are already common. Some examples are as following:
• Piezoelectric materials are materials that produce a voltage when stress is applied.
• Shape-memory alloys and shape-memory polymers are materials in which large deformation can be induced and recovered through temperature changes or...

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