Relative Clauses

The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
• The woman – she lives next door – is a doctor
• The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
We know a lot of people – they live in London
• We know a lot of people who live in London.
• An architect is someone who designs buildings.
• What was the name of the man who lent you the money?
Note: You can also use that (instead of who):
• The man that lives next door is very friendly.
When we are talking about things, we use that or which (not ‘who’) in a relative clause:
• Where is the cheese? – it was in the fridge
• Where is the cheese was in the fridge?
• I don’t like stories that have unhappy endings. (or …stories which have…)
• The machine that broke down has now been repaired. (or …the machine which broke down…)
‘extra information’ clauses
There are two types of relative clause. In these examples, the relative clauses are underlined.
Relative clauses
COMPARE
• Defining Non - defining
TYPE 1
TYPE 2
• The woman who lives next door is a doctor.
• My brother Jim, who lives in London, is a doctor.
• Barbara works for a company that makes washing machines.
• Colin told me about his new job, which he’s enjoying very much.
• We stayed at the hotel (that) Ann recommended to us.
• We stayed at the Grand Hotel, which Ann recommended to us.
In these examples, the relative clause tells you which person or thing (or what kind of person or thing) the speaker means:
‘The woman who lives next door’ tells us which woman.
‘A company that makes washing machines’ tells us what kind of company
‘The hotel (that) Ann recommended’ tells us which hotel.
In these examples, the relative clauses do not tell you which person or thing the speaker means. We already know which thing...

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