Oliver Goldsmith

The Eighteenth Century English literature
The eighteenth century brought the winds of change in England and its literature. England became the world's greatest seaport and financial centre. This century is considered as The Age of Enlightenment in England. This movement proposed rationality as a means to establish an authoritative system of ethics, aesthetics, and knowledge. The writings of John Locke (1632-1704) influenced the Enlightenment aesthetics, philosophy and literature. He was one of the greatest English philosophers, important empiricist in the realm of the relationship between the state and the individual, the contractual basis of the state and the rule of law. Argued for personal liberty with respect to property and for the clarity of the mind. The idea of bright mind and human’s intelligence is well reflected in Daniel Defoe’s (1660 – 1731) novel Robinson Crusoe - a story of a man shipwrecked alone on an island (1719). Along with Samuel Richardson (1689–1761), Defoe is considered the founder of the English novel. Before their time stories were usually written as long poems or dramas. Samuel Richardson wrote Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded (2 vol., 1740) and Clarissa Harlowe (7 vol., 1747–48)– stories written in the form of letters and in this way he established the novel as it is nowadays. Samuel Richardson along with Henry Fielding (1707-1754) - British writer, playwright and journalist – is founder of the English Realistic school in literature. The latter wrote more than 20 plays, but the best known are The History of Tom Jones, A Foundling (1749), a comic novel, and The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews (1742), a parody of Richardson's Pamela (1740). There should also be mentioned other famous authors of the XVIII century. One of them is Jonathan Swift (1667 - 1745). In 1704 were published his Tale of a Tub...

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