Mechanical transmissions

Introduction

Most of all machinery have some sort of motion. When this motion caused by an engine or some other power source it is essential to use mechanical transmissions. There are many cases when power generated by the power source is in different position than where it is needed, its direction has to be changed or the speed of an engine must be adjusted to maintain optimal working conditions. That’s why mechanical transmission is essential for proper machine operations.

To understand the mechanical transmission better it is convenient to start with automobile manual transmission. I am going to take automobile mechanical transmission as an example, analyse how it works, what are the main components.

Parts of mechanical transmission:

Gears

It is one of the most important parts of mechanical transmission. They are used in multiple sets to transmit power. Gears are installed on shafts and the gear teeth are engaging with each other to transfer motion. By choosing different types and sizes of gears the rotational speed, direction can be changed and controlled.

Gear types:

• Spur

These gears have teeth parallel to the axis of rotation and are used to transmit motion from one shaft to another, parallel, shaft. Of all types, the spur gear is the simplest.

• Helical

This is a type of gears that have teeth which are inclined to the axis of rotation. Helical gears can be used for the same applications as spur gears, but it creates less noise, because of the more even teeth engagement during meshing. Sometimes helical gears are used to transmit motion between nonparallel shafts.

• Bevel

This type of gears has teeth formed on conical surfaces and are used mostly for transmitting motion between intersecting shafts. Bevel gears can be straight-tooth or spiral. Spiral bevel gears are cut so the tooth is no longer straight, but forms a circular arc.

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