Matrimonial matters (under the Brussels IIbis)

To determine the EU country where the courts have the right to rule on a case:
• there is no general rule on jurisdiction in matrimonial matters
• pursuant to Article 3 the Regulation instead sets out seven alternative grounds for jurisdiction equally valid based:
• on habitual residence of one or both the spouses (litt. a), or
• on the both spouses’ common nationality (litt. b)
• Reference to same grounds is made under Articles 4 and 5
Exclusive nature of the grounds of jurisdiction (Artt. 6-7)
All the seven alternative grounds of jurisdiction are defined as “exclusive” in the sense that whenever the court of a MS has jurisdiction under Articles 3-5, national rules on jurisdiction cannot be applied
• At the moment of recognition, they cannot be reviewed by the requested judge (Art. 24)
• They cannot be derogated by the parties
• The MS court that is different from those indicated in Articles 3-5 must declare of its own motion (ex officio) the lack of jurisdiction even in case the defendant does not raise any exception (Art. 17)
Grounds of jurisdiction: based on habitual residence Article 3(1) litt. a
• EITHER common habitual residence of the couple
• it is sufficient the spouses live within the same State even if in different places/cities
• OR last common habitual residence
• insofar as one of them still resides there
• OR habitual residence of respondent
• OR habitual residence of either of the spouses
• in the event of a joint application, if lex fori admit it (this is the only case where the spouses can mutually choose the forum)
• OR habitual residence of the applicant
• Only under certain circumstance, in order to avoid “forum shopping”, thus:
• insofar as the applicant still resides in the last common habitual residence or
• in case the applicant resided there for at least a year immediately before the application...

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