Landscape Ecology

Aim UK conservation strategies currently include little consider­ation of climate change. Insights about the biotic impacts of climate change from biogeography and palaeoecology, there­fore, have the potential to provide significant improvements in the effectiveness of UK conservation planning. We suggest a collaboration involving biogeography, ecology and applied UK conservation. The resulting Climate Change-integrated UK conservation Strategies (CCS) apply available tools to respond to the UK conservation challenges posed by climate change.
Location The focus of this analysis is global, with special reference to high biodiversity areas vulnerable to climate change, particularly tropical montane settings.
Methods Current tools from climatology, biogeography and ecology applicable to UK conservation planning in response to climate change are reviewed. UK conservation challenges posed by climate change are summarized. CCS elements are elab­orated that use available tools to respond to these challenges.
Results Five elements of CCS are described: regional model­ling; expanding protected areas; management of the matrix; regional coordination; and transfer of resources. Regional modelling uses regional climate models, biotic response models and sensitivity analysis to identify climate change impacts on biodiversity at a regional scale appropriate for UK conservation planning.
As a highly interdisciplinary science in systems ecology, landscape ecology integrates biophysical and analytical approaches with humanistic and holistic perspectives across the natural sciences and social sciences. Landscapes are spatially heterogeneous geographic areas characterized by diverse interacting patches or ecosystems, ranging from relatively natural terrestrial and aquatic systems such as forests, grasslands and lakes to human-dominated environments including agricultural and urban settings.[2][4][5] The most salient characteristics of landscape ecology are its emphasis on the relationship among pattern, process and scale and its focus on broad-scale ecological and environmental issues. These necessitate the coupling between biophysical and socioeconomic sciences. Key research topics in landscape ecology include ecological flows in landscape mosaics, land use and land cover change, scaling, relating...

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