Jazz and Blues history

From Storyville to Lincoln Center ... An impressionistic timeline chronicling the history of jazz.
c. 1840: Adolphe Sax, a Belgian, invents the saxophone.
1902: The 12-year-old Jelly Roll Morton "invents" jazz, or so he later claims. A habitue of Storyville, the red-light district of New Orleans, Morton combines ragtime, French quadrilles and the hot blues played by Buddy Bolden, the notoriously hard-living cornetist.
1917: The Original Dixieland Jazz Band, a white group, makes the first jazz recording, "Livery Stable Blues." It sells a million copies, launching jazz as popular music. Freddie Keppard, a black band leader, had rejected the chance to make the first jazz record - he was afraid other musicians would copy his style.
1925-1928: Take it away, Satchmo: With his Hot Fives and Hot Sevens recordings, Louis Armstrong revolutionizes the jazz form, encouraging solo improvisation over ensemble playing.
1929-1945: The swing era rises and falls. Duke Ellington, Jimmie Lunceford and Count Basie lead influential groups. Most of the big hits, though, are recorded by white band leaders like Glenn Miller, Benny Goodman and Tommy Dorsey.
c. 1935-1955: The jam session as art form: West 52d Street in Manhattan, packed with clubs, becomes the playground for Charlie Parker, Dizzy Gillespie, Miles Davis, Thelonious Monk and all their friends.
1936: Well before the rest of the country, jazz becomes integrated. At the Congress Hotel in Chicago, Lionel Hampton and Teddy Wilson sit in with Benny Goodman's ensemble. Two years later, Billie Holiday joins Artie Shaw's big band.
1939: While playing "Cherokee" during a Harlem jam session, Charlie Parker happens upon a harmonic discovery that leads to be-bop, a far more intricate style of jazz, both harmonically and rhythmically.
1943: Jazz ascends to the concert hall: The first of Duke Ellington's annual Carnegie Hall programs and the premiere of "Black, Brown and Beige," his influential long-form work about the...

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