European heat wave

The severe heat wave began in Europe in June 2003 and continued through July until mid-August, raising summer temperatures 20 to 30% higher than the seasonal average in Celsius degrees over a large portion of the continent, extending from northern Spain to the Czech Republic and from Germany to Italy. This extreme wheather was caused by an anti-cyclone firmly anchored over the western European land mass holding back the rain-bearing depressions that usually enter the continent from the Atlantic ocean. This situation was exceptional in the extended length of time (over 20 days) during which it conveyed very hot dry air up from south of the Mediterranean.
This year's extreme weather conditions decreased the quantity and quality of the harvests, particularly in Central and Southern European agricultural areas; threatening a large proportion of harvests, and increasing production costs. The heat wave that began in early June accelerated crop development by 10 to 20 days, thus advancing ripening and maturity. The very high air temperature and solar radiation, especially from the second part of July to the beginning of August, resulted in a notable increase in the crops' water consumption....

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