European Union (EU) and its institutions

The voice of democracy in Europe, the European Parliament is the only international institution whose members are elected by universal suffrage. It comprises 626 MEPs elected every five years by all the citizens of the European Union states.
16
France
87
Germany
99
Greece
25
Ireland
15
Italy
87
Luxembourg
6
Netherlands
31
Portugal
25
Spain
64
Sweden
22
United Kingdom
87
Each state determines its own electoral procedure. France, which has 87 MEPs, has chosen proportional representation and her candidates are presented by the political parties on national lists.
The last elections took place on 12 June 1994.
Ten countries have been invited to join the EU on 2004-05-01:
Cyprus (Greek part), the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.
I. What does the European Parliament do?
1. It exercises a legislative power
Community legislation is drawn up as follows: the Commission proposes and the Council of Ministers of the European Union decide after the European Parliament has given its opinion.
The scope of power of the European Parliament varies depending on the subject under discussion, Community interests and the achievement of the large single market :
• under the consultation procedure, the Parliament conveys its opinion to the Council, which is not obliged to follow it,
• under the cooperation procedure, the Council can decide only after taking account of the European Parliament's amendments. It can only reject them by a qualified majority or unanimous vote,
• under the co-decision procedure, introduced by the Treaty on European Union (MaastrichtTreaty), which applies to spheres of major importance for the development of the European Union (transport, research, environment, freedom of movement, etc.), the Council can decide only on the basis of a common position negotiated with the European Parliament. Should no common position be found, the text cannot be adopted.
The amendments put forward by the European Parliament are of considerable importance since 50% of them have been incorporated into the definitive texts.
2. It has powers of supervision
• over international agreements...

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