Conditions for democracy

The very idea of transitional approach took its shape when the democratic movements started to occur in various unexpected regions of the world. Even poor authoritarian countries, without having the necessary means or conditions took a step towards democracy. That is why, according to scholars like Rustow, democratisation can start everywhere if only there is enough will of the political elite to do it.10 Examples of the decisive elites (or even single leaders) show that democratisation can be successfully generated and consolidated by them. The importance of the role of political leaders such as Mandella (South Africa), Ghandi (India) or Walesa (Poland) indicates the enormous potential to the democratisation embedded in the will of the political leaders. The so called “Mandella factor” is believed to be an important unifier while consolidating the democratic forces at the times of “turning points” of history of the countries.
According to structural approach, there are a set of factors that are necessary while bringing about the mass movements and revolutions, that will eventually lead to significant changes of the political order in the countries. One of these factors is the development of a balance to avoid “too strong a crown or too independent a landed aristocracy”.20 It means that the nobility deprived of their rights and freedoms by the royalty can neither initiate, nor participate in any important development movements, and therefore they will eventually raise a conflict to regain their power. Another necessary factor is a turn toward an appropriate form of commercial agriculture.21 Instead of working for their landlords, peasantry should become farmers, which is a more progressive form of agriculture. Then there are other necessary conditions such as the weakening of landed aristocracy and the prevention of an aristocratic-bourgeois coalition against the peasants and workers.22 It means that the state has to...

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