Cell theory

Cells of the same type may group together to form tissues. For example, neurons form nerve tissue.
Different tissues form organs. For example: heart is composed of nerve and cardiac muscle tissues.
Different organs form an organ system. For example: cardiovascular system is formed from heart and blood vessels.
All cells of an organism contain an identical genome. Differentiation occurs when some genes are activated and some silenced in a cell’s genome.
When differentiation occurs the cells becomes more specialised and distinct as they mature.
The activation of certain genes by chemical signals will cause a cell to develop differently form other cells.
4. Describe the use of stem cells
Stargardt’s disease is caused by a gene mutation that impairs photoreceptor cells in the retina.
This leads to blindness 1 point.
May be treated by replacing damaged retinal cells with healthy ones (derived from stem cells).
Impair – pablogina
Parkinson’s disease is caused when nerve cells in the basal ganglia become impaired or/and die. This leads to uncontrollable movements, difficulty with balance and coordination.
May be treated by replacing destroyed brain cells with healthy undifferentiated stem cells.
5. Comment all the functions of life:
Reproduction – production of living offspring
Metabolism – Carrying out of chemical reactions in cells (anabolism, katabolism)
Growth – increasing in size and development
Nutrition - acquisition of compound and energy for survival and growth
Homeostasis – maintenance of physical and chemical conditions required for survival inside the organism.
Response – reaction to stimuli.
Excretion – removal of waste products.
6. One cell organisms (Paramecium, chlorella)
Paramecium can reproduce by meiosis or mitosis but chlorella can only reproduce asexually (mitosis). - Reproduction
Paramecium consumes smaller organisms while in chlorella photosynthesis occurs. - Nutrition
Paramecium moves towards food where as chlorella towards light. – Response
In both metabolic reactions take place in the cytoplasm. – Metabolism
Both increase in size and develop over time – Growth
In both the cell membrane controls what chemicals...

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