Burden of proof and its distribution during civil procedure

The right for legal defense by itself is of no value. It starts to be value only in case, if positive law constitutes the conditions for its realization. From the most common point of view, the right for legal defense is considered as it is imple­mented by proper means, if final "act" of implementation of this right - the ver­dict of the court - is not only legal and legitimate, but also - it is true (i.e. the truth is ascertained). The realization of justice is correlative immediately with the institute of the burden of proof, because the form of competition which is ap­plied during the procedure can form an opportunity to determine all certain and actual "historical" conditions existing at a moment of legal relations (i.e. oppor­tunity to determine the truth), and also an opportunity to secure proper realiza­tion of the principle of equality of rights.
The institute of distribution of burden of proof is the impellent to the whole civil procedure, hence to the procedure of averment. The rules that corre­spond to it not only ensure objective working of the principles of equality of rights and competition, but also promote the participants of material legal inter­courses to behave actively during averment procedure and pursue the avoidance of the verdict, which might be inimical to them, similarly, to see about and to prepare for presumable trial and also to formalize each of duly important juridical intercourses. Proper distribution of burden of proof also helps to eliminate legal indeterminacy and the opportunity of making subjective decision in such cases, when the court can't determine being or non-being of relevant facts (as in Non-liquet-Lage situation). Therefore, the questions between who and how the bur­den of proof spreads, to what extent and who must make efforts for important conditions of litigation might be...

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