Buddhism (general overview)

Life of Buddha.
Buddhism arose in northern India in the 6th century BC. The historical founder of Buddhism, Siddharta Gautama (560-480 BC) was born in a village called Lumbini into a warrior tribe called the Sakyas. According to tradition his father was the king of a small principality based in the Town. His mother died seven days after Gautama’s birth. The king married the sister of the dead queen, by whom Gautama was brought up in great luxury and sheltered from the harshness of the outside world.
At sixteen the prince married. His wife bore him a son whom he called Rahula. Gautama decided to embark on a life dedicated to true knowledge. Inspired by the example of a mendicant monk he abandoned his family and life as a prince, cut off his hair and adopted the lifestyle of a wanderer.
Siddharta began his spiritual quest under the guidance of two teachers who showed him how to reach very deep states of meditation. But again, after five or six years of self-mortification he felt he had failed to achieve true insight and reject such practices as dangerous and useless.
Resolved to continue his quest, Siddharta made his way to a deer park. Here he sat beneath a tree meditating in death and rebirth. It was here that Siddharta attained knowledge of the way things really is; it was through his knowledge that he acquired the title Buddha (meaning ‘awakened one’). In the first stage he saw each of his previous existences. In the second stage he surveyed the death and rebirth of all living beings and understood the law that governs the cycle of birth and death. In the third he identified the four noble truths: the universality of suffering, the cause of suffering through selfish desire, the solution to suffering and the way...

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