What is Trypophobia?

Trypophobia is an aversion or fear of clusters of small holes, bumps, or patterns.
The term trypophobia is derived from the Greek words “trypta,” which means hole, and “phobos,” which means fear. Therefore, trypophobia literally translates to the fear of holes.
The exact cause of trypophobia is unknown, as research in this area is limited. Various triggers of trypophobia have been identified, such as honeycombs, bubble wrap, or fruit seeds. Certain patterns, bumps, patterned animals, and imagery may also trigger trypophobic reactions. Researchers have postulated various theories to explain the origins of trypophobia, including evolutionary causes, associations of similar visual imagery with dangerous animals and diseases, a natural response to visual stimuli, and links to other disorders.
Trypophobic reactions may be explained as unconscious reflex reactions that have evolved over time as survival mechanisms to avoid danger or disease. For example, images of poisonous animals, such as snakes or insects that have patterned skin or clustered body parts, may trigger trypophobic reactions. Images of diseased skin, characterized by clustered holes or bumps, may also induce trypophobic fear. Researchers have hypothesized that feeling disgust or fear towards such stimuli may be an adaptive evolutionary response meant to alert humans against dangerous organisms and infectious disease. On the other hand, contrary research suggests that trypophobic reactions may simply be a natural human response to certain types of visual stimuli, as opposed to an actual phobia.
Lastly, some research proposes that people with trypophobia meet the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition, (DSM-5) criteria for generalized anxiety, major depressive disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, it is unclear whether any of these other conditions cause trypophobia.
It is estimated that up to 15% of adults may experience trypophobia to some degree, with trypophobia generally more common in females compared to males. However, the...

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