The twentieth century has seen the global expansion of democracy more than any other century in the human history particularly because astonishing number of newly minted democracies has been one of the most important historical events of the last decade. The spectacular rise in this trend can be traced back to 1970’s mainly in Southern Europe which later spread to other parts of the world. Despite this trend it is apt to say that the process of democratization has manifested itself differently with respect to both time and space. Thus academicians have tried to unravel the dynamics that lie at the root of the democratization debate it is however hard to pronounce why democracy has been a strong urge in some countries a weaker or non existent urge in the others. This essay is an attempt to analyze the various theoretical debates about democratization. To do this it will be necessary to touch under three main strands, that impinge on the various debates about democracy by the originators of theory and a variety of scholars. This broadly can be divided in to three prototypes: modernisation approach, transition approach, structural approach, though each of them might have theoretical differences influenced by great amount of authors they do hold some shared views however keeping emphasis on different subjects.
The modernisation approach as pioneered by Martin Lipset- with its emphasis on the existence of a number of “social and economic requisites” which seems to suggest that there is a correlation between a country’s social economic development and level of democracy. Hence the countries in North America, Northern Europe and Australasia with their higher social and economic achievements are categorized as stable democracies where as Latin American countries with their attendant low level of social and economic development are grouped under democracies albeit with “unstable...
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