Styles of writing (formal, informal, semi-formal)

Formal English is used in textbooks, official reports, academic articles, essays, business letters, contracts, official speeches.
Semi-formal English is used in day-to-day interaction with colleagues and teachers, popular magazines/books, interviews, when talking with someone in authority or whom you respect.
Informal English is used when interacting with friends, speaking or chatting online.
Punctuation, proper grammar, and correct sentence structure are very important. To exemplify I will give a formal sentence you might see in an academic journal.
Research has shown that learning a second language, in addition to leading to expanded career and social opportunities, can also expand the reasoning capability of the brain, although this finding is disputed by some scientists.
A less formal way to express the same idea.
To exemplify:
Learning another language can improve your career and social life. Some people also say it can make you smarter, but others disagree.
Formal
LARGER AND LESS COMMON WORDS
LARGER AND LESS COMMON WORDS
A formal sentence you might see in an economic report:
The economy is currently quite robust; nevertheless, some specialists predict an imminent recession.
A simpler, less formal way to say the same thing:
The economy is very strong right now, but some specialists say we’ll have a recession soon.
Some less formal words and their formal equivalents
More formal:
assistance
purchase
require
obtain
subsequently
moreover
entire
sufficient
Less formal:
help
buy
need
get
next
also
whole
enough
Formal
Less formal
AVOID PHRASAL VERBS
• The client asked for a contract.
• The client requested a contract.
• The problems have come back.
• The problems have returned.
• We will cut down on spending.
• We will reduce spending.
Red – bad
Green - good
AVOID CONTRACTIONS
I’m, you’re, can’t, don’t, wasn’t, it’s…
The shipment hasn’t arrived.
The shipment has not arrived.
They’re manufactured in China.
They are manufactured in China.
He’s the director of marketing.
He is the director of marketing.
We’d like to inform you…
We would like to inform you…
EXAMPLES:
NO IDIOMS, SLANG, TEXT SPEAK
Idiom: The software is a piece of cake.
Formal ways to use:
• The software is quite user-friendly.
• The software is extremely easy to...

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