Occupational health and safety work

According to the most recent figures published by Québec's Department of Industry, Commerce, Science and Technology (1998), small size enterprises (SSEs) with less than 50 employees made up 96.5% of all firms in 1995 and accounted for an average of 33% of jobs in all sectors (MICST, 1998). However, despite their economic importance and the number of employees dependent on them, small firms have received very little attention in the past from occupational health and safety (OHS) researchers in North America, in contrast to Europe, where several studies are available ( FIOH, 1998). It is difficult to quantify OHS problems in small firms. For example, Québec's Occupational Health and Safety Commission (known by its French acronym CSST) does not produce risk indicators by firm size, and many people believe that small firms are more likely than larger firms to fail to declare injuries. In addition, accidents may be relatively rare in these firms due to their smaller workforce, and this may be a factor in the lack of attention given to the subject.
Generally speaking, all employers and employees have the same OHS rights and obligations. The provisions of Québec's Occupational Health and Safety laws concerning prevention programs and joint health and safety committees, however, apply differently to small firms with 20 employees or less. Furthermore, a unit contribution rate applies uniformly to all small firms, thus depriving them of an economic incentive to manage occupational health and safety. OHS workers and researchers face similar problems in their interventions with small firms. The models developed for larger corporations have proved to be ineffective and the difficulty of contacting smaller firms, their geographical dispersal and their short life spans, have all helped ensure that they have been left more or less to their own devices in terms of occupational safety (Fonteyn and...

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