NATO history

The NATO Alliance developed in the 1950’s. With cooperation between East and West fading, the NATO Member States moved quickly to consolidate stability in Western Europe in order to combat the spread of communism. In 1950 the United States took began to solidify the defensive capability of NATO members by authorizing the expenditure of almost one billion dollars for military upgrades. The French government, still reeling from the devastation of the Nazi occupation, proposed the formation of a single authority to control the production of steel and coal in Europe. France proposed this to ensure that Germany could never again prepare for war. France also went so far as to propose a single European army, which would include Germany. Such a proposal had never been contemplated in Europe before. Towards the end of 1950, the NATO Members named US General Dwight D. Eisenhower as the first NATO Supreme Commander. Eisenhower later became the President of the United States.
In 1951 France hosted a conference to establish a European army in Paris. All European NATO Members attended the conference, however cooperation on such a plan proved to be very difficult. Belgium, France, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the Federal Republic (West) Germany formed the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) on 18 April 1951. The ECSC would later become the basis for wider European integration. The military structure of NATO also developed in concrete terms in 1951, with the opening of Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE) at Roquencourt, near Paris. NATO also began its first round of expansion in 1951, with Greece and Turkey being invited to join the Alliance on 22 October 1951. Greece and Turkey became full members a few months later, on 18 February 1952. The NATO members finalized the permanent structure of NATO on 25 February 1952,...

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