Doctrine of Ejusdem Generis

• Ejusdem Generis means of the same kind or nature.
• This is a facet of the principle of Noscitur a Sociis.
• It is an ancient doctrine commonly called Lord Tenterdon’s Rule.
• It is also kown with the name of Genus-species Rule of the language construction.
• This rule is based on the obvious reason that if the legislature had intended the general words to be used in their restricted sense they would have no mention of the particular classes.
• This is a principle which arises from the linguistic implication by which words having a literally a wide meaning( when taken in isolation) are treated as reduced inscopeby the verbal context.
• In State V. Eckhardt, the Missouri Supreme Court said:
“ Where general words follows the enumeration of a particular classes of persons or things, the general words will be construed as applicable only to persons or things of the same general Nature or class as those enumerated.
• Black’s Law Dictionary (8th Edition) also gave the same definition.
Essentials
• In Amarchandra Chakraborty v. Collector of Excise, Govt. of Tripura, AIR1972 SC1863, the court laid down the following five conditions for the application of this rule:
1. The Statute must contains enumeration of specific words.
2. The Subjects of the enumeration constitute class or category.
.
Continued:
3.That Class or category is not exhausted by the enumeration.
4. The General Term follows the enumeration, and
5. There is no indication of different legislative intent. ( Maharshtra University of Health v. Satchikitsa Prasarak Manda, (2010) 3SCC786.
Same conditions were also mention in UP State Electricity Board v. Harishankar Jain, AIR1980SC 65.
Relation Between Ejusdem Generis and Noscitur a Sociis
• There is a degree of overlap in both canons: ejusdem generis can be seen as a specific application of the more general canon of noscitur a sociis. Despite its common law origins, the ejusdem generis canon...

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