Basic genetics

Purpose: to learn about basic genetics.
• Purpose: to learn about basic genetics.
• To compare a gene and an allele.
• To describe Mendelian inheritance.
• To state what is a genotype and a phenotype.
• A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity, made up of DNA.
• Some genes act as instructions to make proteins.

Alleles
• Allele is a variant form of a given gene.
• An individual inherits two alleles for each gene, one from each parent.
Task
• What is a gene and an allele? Give two differences between them
Start of modern genetics
• Austrien scientist Gregor Mendel is often referred to as the father of modern genetics.
• Mendel's pea plant experiments conducted between 1856 and 1863 established many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance.
Mendel‘s experiment
• Mendel followed the inheritance of 7 traits in pea plants, and each trait had 2 forms.
Mendel‘s experiment
• When he crossed purebred white flower and purple flower pea plants, the resulting flower colour was not a blend.
• Rather than being a mix of the two, the offspring in the first generation (F1-generation) were all purple flowered.
Mendel‘s experiment
• When he allowed self-fertilization in the F1-generation, he obtained both colours in the F2 generation with a purple flower to white flower ratio of 3 : 1.
Mendelian inheritance
• Mendel described each of the trait variants as dominant or recessive.
• Dominant traits, like purple flower colour, appeared in the F1 hybrids, whereas recessive traits, like white flower colour, did not.
Mendelian inheritance
• Dominant version (allele) (shown in CAPITAL letters (A; G)) of a gene shows its specific trait even if only one parent passed the gene to the offspring.
• Recessive gene (shown in lowercase letters (a; g)) shows its specific trait when both parents pass the gene to the offspring.
Mendel's laws of inheritance Law of...

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