American education

The aim of this essay is to answer a crucial question of American education. Americans have shown a great concern for education since early colonial time. In 1636 was founded Harvard College. Other early institutions of higher learning were the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, established in 1693, and Yale, founded in 1701. Before the Revolution in 1776, nine colleges had already been opened in colonies, most of them later becoming universities. By 1850, every state had provided for a system of free public schools open to all and paid for by public taxes. By the same year, state- supported colleges and universities had been established in many states. Most historians agree that a great deal of the economic, political, scientific and cultural progress America has made in its relatively short history is due to its commitment to the ideal of equal opportunity. From the early times on the public policy was to produce an educated people.
To start with, let us consider control of education. There are two significant influences on American education which give it its present character, its size, and its great variety at all levels. The first influence is legal, or governmental. The second is cultural. The United States does not have a national system of education. In this case education is considered to be a matter for the people of each state. Although there is a federal Department of Education, its function is merely to gather information, to advise, and to help finance certain educational programs. Since the Constitution does not state that education is responsibility of the federal government, all educational matters are left to the individual states. As a result, each of the 50 state legislatures is free to determine its own system for its own public schools. However, state constitutions...

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