To what extent does context affect recall?

To what extent does context affect recall? Critically evaluate the empirical evidence to support your argument.
Memory is created in few stages - by encoding, storing and recalling. Encoding can be done in three simple ways: visually, acoustically and semantically. Visual encoding begins when we see a picture, acoustic – by hearing sounds and semantic- by the association between words and their meanings. By encoding we convert information into concepts that are stored in short term or long-term memory and can be recalled, as or when we need it. While short term memory lasts only few seconds, long term memory can hold information for a longer period of time, potentially forever; to be remembered information has to be transferred from short term into a long-term memory via process which is called consolidation. In general, our memory has a limited capacity, therefore it is crucial to know and understand the processes and how recall can be impacted. Over the years many studies looked at the relationship between context and recall, but 3 key experiments were completed by Bodden and Baddeley (1975); Thompson, Williams, L’Esperance, & Cornelius (2001); Krafka and Penrod (1985).
One experiment was completed by Bodden and Baddeley (1975), where experienced divers were asked to learn 2 to 3 syllable random words, in order to study the context dependent recall within natural environments. This exercise was planned and designed carefully, to minimise the potential impacts of factors such as equipment, environment, timing. First of all, noise of equipment while breathing would interfere with audio, therefore a special method was adopted for comfortable and less distractive noise of divers breathing. Testing took place after numerous times of testing the procedure. Subjects learned (L) sets of words in wet (W) underwater or on the on dry (D) land and recalled (R)them in the same...

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