Republic of South Africa

Cape Town (3.2 million) is the legislative center, and Bloemfontein (350,000) is the judicial center.
National Day 27 April; Freedom Day
Religions Christian (68%), others
Highest Point: Njesuthi (11,181 ft.) (3,408 m)
Land Area 1,221,040 sq km (471,443 sq miles)
Main exports: Gold, diamonds, metals and minerals, cars, machinery
Demographics:African/Black—79.0 percent, White—9.6 percent, Coloured—8.9 percent,
Indian/Asian—2.5 percent
Overview
Until 1994 South Africa was ruled by a white minority which considered itself superior, and which was so determined to hang onto power that it took activists most of last century before they succeeded in their fight to get rid of apartheid and extend democracy to the rest of the population.
The white governments had grand social engineering schemes which separated the races and involved the forced resettlement of hundreds of thousands of people. They poisoned and bombed opponents and encouraged trouble in neighbouring countries.
The apartheid government eventually negotiated itself out of power, and the new leadership encouraged reconciliation. But the cost of the years of conflict will be paid for a long time yet, not least in terms of lawlessness, social disruption and lost education.
South Africa faces major problems, but having held three successful national elections as well as local polls since the end of white rule, a democratic culture appears to be taking hold, allowing people at least some say in the search for solutions.
A short history of South Africa
South Africa is one of the oldest nations in Africa. Extensive fossil remains at the Sterkfontein, Kromdraai and Makapansgat caves suggest that various australopithecines existed in South Africa from about three million years ago. These were succeeded by various species of Homo, including Homo habilis, Homo erectus and modern man, Homo sapiens. Bantu iron-using agriculturists and herdsmen moved south of the Limpopo River into modern-day South Africa by the 4th or 5th century CE (the Bantu expansion). They slowly moved south...

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