“Phantoms in the brain” V. S. Ramachandran

“PHANTOMS IN THE BRAIN”

V. S. Ramachandran

Vilayanur Subramanian Ramachandran - an Indian-American neuroscientist, - was born in 1951 in India; - a distinguished professor in UCSD's Department of Psychology, where he is the director of the Center for Brain and Cognition. - most of his research has been in the fields of behavioral neurology and visual psychophysics. After early work on human vision, Ramachandran turned to work on wider aspects of neurology including phantom limbs and phantom pain. Ramachandran invented mirror therapy.

Willy Anderson - twenty-five-year-old plumber from London; - started laughing at mother’s funeral; - after two days, died because of severe subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Ruth Greenough - fifty-eight-year-old librarian from Philadelphia;

- had a sudden headache and started to laugh; - after twenty hours, died because of cavity in the middle of her brain.

Susan - fifteen-year-old girl; - had a brain surgery, when doctor were exploring nearby areas, she started laughing; - ascribed her merriment to everything she saw around.

Chapter 10: The woman who died laughing

The abnormal activity or damage that sets people giggling is almost always located in portions of the limbic system, a set of structures including the hypothalamus, mammillary bodies and cingulate gyrus that involved in emotions.

EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGY, the study of behaviour, thought, and feeling as viewed through the lens of evolutionary biology. Evolutionary psychologists presume all human behaviours reflect the influence of physical and psychological predispositions that helped human ancestors survive and reproduce.

*Explanations from this discipline are completely untestable: we can’t run experiments to prove or disprove them. and reproduce.

WHAT ABOUT LAUGHTER?

Ramachandran noted that jokes and the given situation follows logical structure: when a person strolls along a garden path of expectation and there is a sudden twist at the end that entails a complete reinterpretation of the same facts and the new interpretation has

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