Modal verbs: structure & use

sentence• Must
• Shall
• Should
• Ought to
• Will
• Would
How do we use modals?
Example: Mary could play the piano
S
Subject
V
Verb
M
They do not accept conjugation
They do not need other auxiliary verbs
Form

He can ski He cans ski or He can skis
There is no “s” in singular
There is no “do / does” in the question
There is no “don’t / doesn’t” in the negative

Would you like to come with me?
Do you would like to come with me?

They can’t be serious
They don’t can be serious
Form
to can / caning to must /musting
Modal verbs do not have infinitives or –ing forms
She must study (strong obligation)
We should have gone the other way (recommendation)
He could play football in his youth (ability in the past)
Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to
Form
Modal verbs do not have all the tenses
Modal verbs use other verbs to complete the tenses
Can is completed with be able to
Must is completed with have to
They can play the piano They will be able to play the piano in the future
You must come early You had to come early yesterday
What do they express?
1. Single Concept Modal: they have one meaning
They can have more than one meaning
depending on the situations
2. Double Concept Modal: they have two meanings
3. Modals in past: They are used to express a situation
in the past
Categories
Single concept
Modals
Double Concept
Modals
Modals in Past
Will
Might
Should
May
Must
Would
Would have
Could have
Might have
Ought to
Had better
Shall
Could
Can
Should have
May have
Must have
Single Concept Modal
Modal Concept Examples
Will Future Joe will travel to NY next week
Might Small probability I might move to Canada some day
Should Recommendation You should go to the doctor
Ought to Formal recommendation We ought to know about first aids
Had better Warning I had better study or I will fail the test
Double Concept Modal
Modal Concept Examples
May (1) Permission May I come in?
May (2) Good probability We may visit Mexico this summer
Must (1) Responsibility Everyone must pay taxes
Must (2) Assumption...

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