Chemotherapy and immunotherapy

Most of you probably have heard of a term chemotherapy. Chemotherapy, often called "chemo," is a treatment with drugs that kill cancer cells directly. But what is immunotherapy and how does it differ from chemo. Cancer immunotherapy, also known as immuno-oncology, is a form of cancer treatment that uses the power of the body’s own immune system to prevent, control, and eliminate cancer. Immunotherapy can boost the immune response in the body as well as teach the immune system how to identify and destroy cancer cells.
On November 9th 1890 these two gentlemen, emil and shibasaburo in Robert Koch’s labotory, find that injecting diphtheria toxin into animals produces a serum containing an anti-toxin that provides passive anti-diptheria immunity to people, introducing the use of serum as therapy and showing that immunity did not need to arise internally but could be transferred.
The earliest case of cancer immunotherapy can be traced back to 1891, when dr. William Coley, the father of immunotherapy, first attempted to leverage the immune system to treat cancer after noticing that mixtures of live and inactivated Streptococcus pyogenes and Serratia marcescens could cause tumor regression in sarcoma patients. Although such a pioneering strategy provided a proof of concept for treating cancer by the utilization of the immune system, the unknown mechanisms of action and the potential infection risks hindered its further progress. Later on in 1893 dr. Coley reported the First successful treatment of cancer patient with immunotherapy.
On November 9th 1934 President Franklin D. Roosevelt signs legislation establishing the National Cancer Institute (NCI). This was a major achievement for cancer researching studies.
Our insight into antitumour immune responses has...

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